Wateking device



I Dec. 25, 1951 v. H. PRUlTT WATERING DEVICE O iginal Filed Oct. 22,1940 V I 'VIRGFL H. PRUITT Reissued Dec. 25, 1951 WATERING DEVICE VirgilH. Pruitt, Snow Hill, Md.

Original No. 2,512,839, dated June27, 1950, Serial No. 704,890, October22, 1946. Application for reissue May 9, 1951, Serial No. 225,430

11 Claims. (01. 137-68) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in theoriginal patent but forms no part of this reissue specification; matterprinted in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to a Watering device and more particularly to anautomatic valve primarily for use with a type of watering trough inwhich one end of the trough rests on the ground or any other suitablesupportand in which the opposite end'of the trough is connected with thevalve so that the weight of the water in the trough automaticallyoperates the valve and regulates the water level.

On very large chicken or poultry farms, it is extremely important that.a very reliable watering device he provided which will always maintainan adequate water supply. It is highly important that these devices beas foolproof as possible in order that nothing will happen to the valvewhich might permit the watering trough to overflow or to permit thevalve to open in the event that the trough getsknocked over.

Heretofore, devices have been provided in which the valves are operated.by the weight of the water in the troughs butin the event the wire onwhich the one end of the trough is suspended breaks, the valve will openand cause the area in the vicinity of the watering trou h to be flooded.Also, the same thing happens in the event that the poultry breaks orinterferes with the valve control. mechanism. Also, it is desirable toclean these watering troughs at least once a day and in the priordevices before the weight of the water and trough could be taken ofi ofthe valve operating mechanism at the time of the cleaning operation, itwas first necessary to operate a thumb screw to screw down the .Valvecontrol mechanism to close the valve. Then when the trough was clean andready to be put back in operation, it was necessary to unscrew the firstthumb screw and operate a second thumb screw to hold the valve openwhile the trough was being filled with water. Alternatively, instead ofthe second thumb screw the valve might be held open while the trough isfilled with water. .On large poultry ranches where there are a verylarge number of these watering troughs in use it will be readilyapparent that a large number of manhours are consumed in tending to thewatering devices. In accordance with the present invention, an automaticwater valve is provided in which the valveautomatically closes under theinfluence of pressure of the water. The invention also provides anautomatic gravity latch mechanism for holding-the valve open to fill thechicken trough, the latch mechanism being responsive to gravity torevert to inoperative [locking] position as soon as the weight of thewater in the watering trough becomes suflicient to close the valve.[Hereafter] Thereafter the valve operating mechanism is enabled toreturn to normal operation to maintain the proper water level in thewatering trough.

Accordingly, the primary objectoi the invention is to provide a wateringdevice [in which an automatic water valve] including a special automaticwater valve which automatically shuts off the water supply in the .eventthe end of the troughhanging from the valve mechanism becomesdisassociated therefrom or in the event the trough is turned over andthe water is spilled or the opposite end of the trough becomes sodisplaced as to prevent the normal-operation of the valve controlmechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic valve in theassociation referred to above in which the valve is responsive to theweight of the water in .the trough for controlling the levelof the waterthereinand in which the source of water supply is automatically cut off,in the event the valve control .mechanism becomes inoperative, or theweight of the Water and trough become disassociated with the valvecontrol mechanism.

Watering troughs such as usually employed for poultry are of ratherlight construction, being commonly fabricated from sheet metal. They aretherefore easily overturned or .disarrunged. Moreover, they frequentlydevelop leaks. If .the value were so constructed as to be opened by theweight of the empty trough, and the trough should be accidentally upsetor turned sidewise, while still hanging from the valve mechanism, thewater would keep on flowing and the adjacent area would be flooded. Thesame would be true if the trough should develops leak, so that it didnot fill up. Consequently, it is highly desirable to so'coustruct themechanism that the weight of the empty trough is not suificient to openthe value. When so constructed, it is necessary to move the value toopen position by hand in order to start the water flowing, when theempty trough is placed in position.

A further object of the invention is therefore to provide an automaticvalve in the association described, including an automatic gravity latchfor holding the valve in an intermediate open position to start fillingthe trough and which will revert to inoperative locking position as soonas the weight of the water in the trough becomes sufficient to operatethe valve control mechanism.

Other and further objects will become readily apparent from thefollowing description when considered'i'n connection with theaccompanying drawings, illustrating an embodiment of the invention, andin which:

Figure 1 is an elevational view showing the complete assembly of awatering device made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged partial elevational view with aportion of thetrough cut away and showing the gravity latch hol ding the valve theintermediate open "position;

Figure3 is an enlarged partial elevational cross section showing theposition of the valve members when the valve control mechanism is in thelocked position shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an enlarged partial elevational cross section showing insolid lines the position of the valve member closing the valve when thegravity latch is in the inoperative locking position and the valvecontrol mechanism is not held down by the weight of water in the trough;and

Figure 5 is a cross sectional plan view of Figure 3 on the line 5-5showing the hexagonal shape of the valve members.

In the illustration of the invention represented in the drawings, theinvention is shown as applied to. a chicken watering trough of the typein which one end rests on the ground or other suitab e support and theopposite end is suspended by a suitable wire or chain to an arm of thecontrol mechanism of the automatic valve for controlling the supplyofWater to the trough. The valve assembly comprises fundamentally astructure having two valve orifices or seats in series and valves forcontrolling each of the orifices in which one valve is normally adaptedto be closed under the influence of the pressure of the water source andthe other valve is adapted to be closed in the opposite direction by thevalve control mechanism and aga nst the pressurevof the Water source.

Referring specifically to the drawings, the valve assembly In isoperably associated between the water supply pipe II and the wateringreceptacle or trough I2. If desired a suitable manually operated valvel3 may also be provided in the water supply pipe I I to shut on? thewater supply in the event it is desired to change the valve assemblyIII. A suitable flexible tube or hose I4 is connected to the lower endof the valve assembly III to direct the water into the watering trough I2 with a minimum of splashing. The end of the watering trough adjacentthe valve assembly I0 is suspended by a suitable wire or chain I6 from avalve actuating arm I1. The opposite end of the trough I 2 is adapted torest on the ground or any suitable base such as a wooden or concreteplatform.

Fundamentally the valve assembly I I! comprises the valve housing IBhaving what in eifect is a two-way valve which closes communicationthrough the valve assembly in either of the two extreme positions andwhich has an intermediate open position, the purpose of which will bereadily apparent as description {proceeds. The valve housing I 8 isprovided with two aligned bores I9 and 20 extending inward 1y from theopposite ends of the valve housing I8 and which are separated by arestriction 2| which serves as a partition between the two bores. Theopposite sides 22 and 23, respectively, of the restriction or partition2| serve as valve seats. In the particular embodiment shown. the lowervalve member 24 is in the form of a head to bolt 26 whichscrew-threadedly engages an elongated nut 21 which serves as the uppervalve member for the valve seat 22. The lower valve member 24 isprovided with a recess for receiving a suitable sealing gasket 28 whilethe upper valve member 21 is similarly provided with a sealing gasket29. The length of the bolt 26 is such that when the nut 21 is screwedthereon sufliciently to effect tight engagement, the valve members 24and 21 will be sufficiently spaced so that when one valve member isagainst its associated seat, the other valve member will be displacedfrom its associated seat. fore, it will be apparent that there is anintermediate position in which both of the valves will be open toprovide communication between the bores I 9 and 20. The valve actuatinglever arm I1 is pivotally connected at 3! to suitable bosses I8 whichextend laterally from the sides of the valve housing I8. The inner endof the valve operating lever I1 is notched at I1 and the sides of thenotch are inclined at angles of 45 for the purpose of reducing thesplashing of the water as it emerges through the lower valve orifice.The extreme inner end of the valve operating lever I1 terminates in ahead I1 which is adapted to engage the valve member 24 to move both ofthe valve members in unison. Since the valve assembly I0 is usu allymounted in the position shown in the drawings, it will be readilyapparent that during normal operation under the influence of gravity andthe pressure of the source of water, the valve member 21 will close theupper orifice. Therefore the primary purpose of the valve control leverI1 is to move the valve members 24 and 21 upwardly to close the lowerorifice. By this arrangement it would be readily apparent that if, forany reason, the weight of the trough i2 is taken off of the arm I1, orif the pivotal connection 3| should break, the valve member [I1] 27 willautomatically close and on the other hand, water in the trough I2 willopen the valve 21 to admit water to the trough until the valve 24closes.

For the purpose of regulating the amount of the water in the trough I2,biasing means is supplied to the lever arm I1 to oppose the weight ofthe trough and the water therein. To this end the housing I8 is providedwith an arm It on which a suitable tension spring 32 is adjustablyanchored by means of a bolt 33 having wing nut 34. The lower end of thespring 32 is hooked in a hole 35 in the valve control lever arm I1. Byadjusting the thumb nut 34 the tension on the spring 32 can be soadjusted that the valve 24 will close when the water in the trough I2reaches any desired height.

When it is desired to clean the trough I2, it is always necessary toremove the weight of the water from the valve control lever arm I1.Obviously, from the description above, the valve member 21 willimmediately close under the influence of the pressure of the watersource. Therefore if the trough is cleaned and the empty trough is hungon the arm I1, the weight of the empty trough will not be sufiicient toopen the valve member 21 to fill the trough. For this reason, the arm 17has to be moved by hand to open the valve 27, and the present inventionprovides a novel gravity latch mechanism 35 which can be used to lockthe lever arm I1 in an intermediate position whereby both valve members24 and 21 are in open position to start the water flowing into thetrough I2. The latch is so arranged that as soon as the weight of thewater in the trough I2 becomes sufficient to close the valve 24, thegravity latch automatically unlocks and thereafter the valve control armI1 can control the water level in the trough I2 in normal manner. Tothis end the gravity latch comprises a member 31 which is looselypivoted at 38 on the outer end of arm I8 which is carried by the housinI8. The latch member 31 is notched at 31 and is adapted to engage asuitable pin 39 which is carried by the valve control arm I 1 betweenthe latters pivotal connection at There- 3| tot-the valve housing andthe point atwhich the wire l6 islconnectedto-the lever IT. The positionof the pivot point atis sorelated tothe p n ofthe en of omv yzofi thelat and offtherheaded in. 39 thatwhenthe housin It. is arrangedvertically, as shown in the drawings, the latch member :3! willhang tr eof th 319 and will not be engagedthereby. Thereiore-guring normaloperation, the valve actuating lever arm l-Ti fr e to move up and downunder th influence of the weight of the water the trough I2 andrthesprings. .If-for any reason the Water is. spilled out of the trough1,2,, if the wire it should breakcr if the pivotal connection -34 shouldbreak, :the valve member =21 will close .under theinfluence ofgravityrand the pressure of the source of the water-S p l ltwill be 8 1p re t t a aft r ;.c. eanins;.the trou h r i ior any :reason the trou his, empty audit s do s r d-t fi it when the weri i i de r ssed by headend the lower endof th lat h member :31 is manually m ed to the r h s.sh wn n Fisurel th not h '31 wil en a e th pin stand hold the twovalvemembers 24 and 2 1 in inter.- mediat -wsitieo othat bores 19 and arin communi ation with ach be A s a t e weight of the-water in the troughis sufiicient to overcome the tension of the spring 32, the valve-,control lever arm ,17 will be pulled down andthe pl, .39 will bedisengaged from the-notch 31 At t is time the latch m mb r 31, u d r tinfl e o avi y. wi l s n to the ft nd ha t ai ht d wn so th t th n t hfiill not thereafter engage the headed pin 39. The val a tu tin echan m wl at i ti r turn t ts normal o e a i n f r c ntrol ing t e wa r level nthe t ou h [-2 it ou a inter ie erm r m the r vit a h- The avit pe t dla ch lea-ve im or n fe tu i tha i sav c n dera l im n cl aning nd t ning to a large number ofautomatic valves.

The automatic valve control arm latchhas been referred to aboveas agravity latch but inste d o e n o avi i 'w l e e dily as par ha asvitabl snri s me he s dior resilient ur in loc wise rota on of he lat hmember-3 bou the ivot'poi-nt 38. W th suc a con truction-wh n t e rm lm9 wnwar so 'the n h 3 wou d b di n ed from the pin '39, the lower endof the latch member 37 would move to, the left outof the way of the pin39 so that the latch member 31 would become inoperative thereafter andthevalve control m han sm u d ev rt t the automatic operation forcontrollingthe water levelin the trough 12.

Although the invention has "been described in considerable detail, itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art thatmany variations arepossible without departing'f-rom the inventive concent. It is thereforedesired that the invention not be 'limted except insofar as is [it] madenecessary by the prior -art and by the appended claims.

I claim:

'1. In combinationpa receptacle, such as a watering trough, a source ofwater under pressure, valve means having a plurality of valve orificesarranged in series for controlling the flow of water fromsaid sourcetosaid receptacle, a valve member associated with each of said orifices,valve control means'oper-ably associated with said receptacle andresponsiveto the weight of the water therein to open one of saidorificesand to close another of'said orifices to control flower wate thr u h bher sa d orific s. and means normally biasing saidvalvecontrol means to;enablesaid first valve tomove to closed position said valve controlmeans having a horizon-.-

tally extending arm, a gravity latch comprising a latch member forlocking said arm in a fixed positionwith both of vsaidvalvesin openposition, the center of gravity of said latch member being so disposedwith respect to its point of [suspension] support as to be responsive togravity for-returning to inoperative position when said arm is movedaway from its [normally biased] locked position.

[2. In combination, an automatic water valve, a receptacle such as awatering trough, said valve comprisinga valve housing having abore,valve seats in series in said bore, valve members operably associatedwith the respective valve seats,y means ,operably associated betweensaidvalve members whereby the latter-are :caused to move in IlIliSOIl'il'lsuch relation that when one valve isin. closed position the other will'be in .open position, means for operably engaging one of said valvemembers for moving said valve members for opening one of said valves,said latter means being normally biased to permit said one valve memberto close, and means for locking said valve control means in an intermediate position so that water can flow through said valve means to fillsaid receptacle, said locking means being responsive to gravity forreturning to inoperative position when said valve control means isoperated by the weight of the water in said receptacle] :3. Incombination, a. receptacle such as a watering trough, asource of waterunder pres.- sure, valve means "having a plurality of valve orificesarranged in series for controlling the flow of water from saidsource tosaid receptacle, a valve member for closing eachof said orifices, valvecontrol means operably associated with said receptacle and responsive tothe weight of the water therein to open one of said orifices and toclose another of said orifices to control the flow of Water through bothof said orifices. means normally biasing said valve control means to-aposition to enable [said first valve to move to closed position,] theclosing of said first orifice by the associated valve member, and meansfor locking said valve control means in an intermediate position to holdboth valves in open position, said locking means [beingresponsive to]comprising a member adapted to en.- gage said valve control means andmovable laterally by gravity for returning to inoperative position whensaid valve control means is operated' by the weight of the water in saidreceptacle. I

4. In an automatic water valve assembly for a watering trough and thelike, an elongated housing, two associated valves in series, in saidhousing one of said valves adapted normally to slose n e directioeu dethe influence o lffi ZQ .8 sour e 01 wa er, flflflnfi i d n ne end of sad hou ing th o her of sa d, a s adapted to close in the oppositedirection, means operably, associated betweenrsa d valves to au e saidvalves to operate in unison so that when [one] the first is closed the[other] second will ,be open, valve control means for operating saidvalves to prevent at times said [one] first valve from closing under theinfluence oi pressure from said source of water, said valve controlmeanscomprising-a lever 'piootedto' said hoosing and eztending into theopen end of said-housing opposite the end adapted to be connected to thesource of water pressure, said valve control means hold said [one] firstvalve open against the pressure of said source of water, said secondvalve also being open to permit water to flow through both valves andescape from the end of the housing into which said lever extends, saidlocking means [being responsive to] comprising a member adapted, when inoperative position, to engage said valve control means and movablelaterally by gravity for returning to inoperative position when saidvalve control means is moved away from said intermediate position.

[5. In combination, a receptacle such as a watering trough, a source ofwater under pressure, valve means for controlling the flow of water fromsaid source to said receptacle comprising two associated valves inseries, one of said valves adapted normally to close in one directionunder the influence of pressure from a source of water, the other ofsaid valves adapted to close' in the opposite direction, means operablyassociated between said valves to cause said valves to operate in unisonso that when one is closed the other will be open, valve control meansfor operating said valves, means operably associated between saidreceptacle and said valve control means whereby the latter is operatedby the weight of water in said receptacle to prevent said one valve fromclosing under the influence of pressure from said source of Water and toclose the other of said valves, and locking means for locking said valvecontrol means in an intermediate position to hold said one valve.open'against the pressure of said source of water, said locking meansbeing responsive to gravity for returning to inoperative position whensaid valve control means is moved away from said intermediate position]6. In an automatic watering system, a water valve assembly, areceptacle, such as a watering trough,.means operably associated betweensaid receptacle and said valve means for controlling the flow of waterinto said receptacle, said valve assembly comprising a casing having apassage therethrough and a laterally extending arm, a central partitionin said passage having a central opening, valve seats on the oppositesides of said partition around said opening, a valve for each of saidvalve seats separated by a valve stem extending through said centralopening in said partition, an operating lever pivotally connected tosaid casing and generally parallel to and in generally verticalalignment with said laterally extending arm projecting from said casing,the inner end of said lever adapted to engage one of said valves, meansfor normally biasing said lever to enable one of said valves to movetoclosed position on one of said valve seats, a gravity latch comprisinga latch 'member pivotally depending from said first arm, said latchmember adapted to engage an abutment on said operating lever to holdsaid operating lever in an intermediate position against the action ofsaid biasing means where both of said valves are in unseated position,the center of gravity of said latch member being so disposed withrespect to its point of pivotal suspension that it will be responsive togravity for returning to inoperative position when said operating arm ismoved away from latched position.

7. In combination, a valve assembly, a receptacle, such as a wateringtrough, means oper-' ably associated between said receptacle and saidvalve for controlling the operation of said valve in response to theweight of the water or liquid in said receptacle, said valve assemblycomprising a casing having a passage therethrough and a laterallyextendingarm projecting therefrom, a central partition in said passagehaving a central opening, valve seats on the opposite sides of saidpartition around said opening, a valve for each of said valve seats, avalve stem extending through said centra1 opening in said partition andinterposed between said valves to space the latter, an operating leverpivotally connected to said casing and generally parallel to and ingenerally vertical alignment with said laterally extending arm, theinner end of said lever adapted to engage one of said valves, means fornormally biasing said lever to such a position as to enable one of saidvalves to move to closed position on one of said valve seats, a gravitylatch member disposed between said arm and said lever and pivoted to onearm and adapted to engage the other to hold said lever in anintermediate position where both of said valves are in un-' seatedposition, the center of gravity of said latch being so disposed relativeto its pivotal connection and to its engaged position as to return tothe inoperative latch position in response to gravity when saidoperating lever is moved away from said intermediate position.

8. In an automatic watering system, a water valve assembly, areceptacle, such as a watering trough, means operably associated betweensaid receptacle and said valve means for controlling the flow of waterinto said'receptacle, said valve assembly comprising a casing having apassage therethrough and a laterally extending arm, a central partitionin said passage having a central opening, valve seats on the oppositesides of said partition around said opening, a valve for each of saidvalve seats separated by 'a valve stem extending through said centralopening in said partition, an operating lever pivotally connected tosaid casing and generally parallel to and in general vertical alignmentto said laterally extending arm projecting from said casing, the innerend of said lever adapted to engage one of said valves, means fornormally biasing said lever to enable one of said valves to move toclosed position on one of said valve seats, a latch member operablyassociated between said laterally extending arm on said casing and saidlever arm adapted to selectively hold said valve control arm in anintermediate position to hold both of said valves open simultaneously.

9, In combination, a receptacle such as a water.- ing trough, a sourceof water under pressure, valve means having a plurality of valveorifices arranged in series for controlling the flow of water from saidsource to said receptacle, a valve member for closing each Of saidorifices, valve control means operatively associated with saidreceptacle and responsive to the weight of the water therein to open oneof said orifices and to close another 0] said orifices to control theflow of water through both of said orifices, means normally biasing saidvalve control means to a position to enable the closing of said firstorifice by the associated valvemember, the weight of said receptacle,when empty, being insuflicient to overcome said biasing/ mea s. saidvalve control means being movable by hand to an intermediate position tohold the valve members in such position that water may flow through bothof said orifices into said receptacle, and means for locking said valvecontrol means in said intermediate position against the force of saidbiasing means, said locking means comprising a member adapted to engagesaid valve control means and movable by gravity for returning toinoperative position when said valve control means is operated by theweight of sumcient water in said receptacle.

10. In combination, a receptacle such as a watering trough, a source ofwater under pressure, valve means comprising a housing having aplurality of valve orifices arranged in series therein for controllingthe flow of water from said source to said receptacle, a valve memberfor closing each of said orifices, valve control means comprising an armpivoted to said housing operatively associated with said receptacle andresponsive to the weight of water therein to open one of said orificesand to close another of said orifices to control the flow of waterthrough both of said orifices, means normally biasing said valve controlmeans to a position to enable the closing of said first orifice by theassociated valve member, said valve control means being movable by handan an intermediate position to hold the valve members in such positionthat water may flow through both of said orifices into said receptacle,a second arm rigid with said housing and projecting therefrom generallyparallel to and spaced from said first arm, and means for locking saidvalve control means in said intermediate position against the force ofsaid biasing means, said locking means comprising a member disposedbetween said arms, said member being supported on one arm and adapted toengage the other, and being movable laterally by gravity to disengagethe latter when said valve control means is operated by the weight ofsufllcient water in said receptacle.

11. In combination, a receptacle such as a watering trough, a, source ofwater under pressure, valve means comprising a housing having a,plurality of valve orifices arranged in series therein for controllingthe flow of water from said source to said receptacle, a valve memberfor closing each of said orifices, a laterally eattending arm rigid withsaid housing, valve control means comprising a lever pivoted to saidhousing, and projecting therefrom generally parallel to and spaced fromsaid arm, said valve control means being operatively associated withsaid receptacle and responsive to the weight of water therein to openone of said orifices and to close another of said orifices to controlthe flow of water through both of said orifices, means normally biasingsaid control means to a position to enable the closing of said firstorifice by the associated valve member, said biasing means comprising aspring anchored to and extending between said arm and lever, said valvecontrol means being movable by hand to an intermediate position againstthe tension of said spring to hold the valve members in such positionthat water may flow through both of said orifices into said receptacle,and means for looking said valve control means in said intermediateposition against the force of said biasing means, said locking meanscomprising a member adapted to engage said lever, and movable by gravityto disengage the same when said valve control means is operated by theweight of su17icient water in said receptacle.

12. In an automatic water valve assembly ,for a watering trough and thelike, two associated valves in series, one of said valves adaptednormally to close in one direction under the influence of pressure froma source of water, the other of said valves adapted to close in theopposite direction, means to cause said valves to operate in unison sothat when one is closed the other will be open, valve control means foroperating said valves to prevent at times said one valve from closingunder the influence of pressure from said source of water, said valvecontrol means being capable of occupying either one of two extremepositions or an intermediate position, and means for locking said valvecontrol means in an intermediate position to hold said one valve openagainst the pressure of said source of water, said other valve alsobeing open to permit the passage of water through both valves, saidlocking means comprising a member movable laterally by gravity toinoperative position when said valve control means is moved away fromsaid intermediate position.

13. In combination, a receptacle such as a watering trough, a valvehousing adapted to be connected to a source of water under pressure,valve means in said housing for governing the flow of water from saidsource to said receptacle, said valve means being movable to either oneof two extreme closed positions in which flow of water is out 01?, andto an intermediate open position in which flow of water is permitted,valve control means operatively associated with said valve means andwith said receptacle, means biasing said valve control means to aposition to enable said valve means to move to one extreme closedposition under the influence of pressure from said source of water, saidvalve control means being movable in response to the weight of water insaid receptacle against the force of said biasing means to shift saidvalve means against the water pressure to its other extreme closedposition, the weight of said receptacle, when empty, being insujficientto move said valve control means against the combined force of saidbiasing means and of the water pressure holding said valve means in itsfirst mentioned extreme closed position, said valve control means beingmovable by hand to shift said valve means to its intermediate openposition, and a latch device manually shiftable to operative positionfor temporarily locking said valve control means in such intermediateposition while water flows into said receptacle, said latch device beingconstructed to return automatically to inoperative position, so as tore-- lease said valve control means, when a sari!- cient weight of waterhas accumulated in said receptacle.

VIRGIL H. PRUITT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent or the original patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,055,673 Smedberg Mar. 11, 19131,415,178 Imschweiler May 9, 1922 1,513,038 Fortier Oct. 28, 19242,278,655 James Apr. 7, 1942

